A breast biopsy is a medical procedure used to remove a small sample of breast tissue for examination under a microscope to determine if it is benign or cancerous. The procedure is performed when imaging studies like mammography, ultrasound, or MRI detect an abnormal area in the breast, or when a lump is felt during a physical exam. There are different types of breast biopsies, including fine-needle aspiration (FNA), core needle biopsy, vacuum-assisted biopsy, and surgical biopsy. The choice of method depends on the size, location, and characteristics of the abnormality, as well as the physician's recommendations. The main reason for performing a breast biopsy is to diagnose breast cancer or to evaluate other breast conditions such as cysts, fibrous tissue, or benign tumors. It is a critical diagnostic tool for assessing suspicious lumps, unusual thickening, or changes in breast tissue that cannot be fully explained by imaging alone. The tissue sample collected during the biopsy is sent to a pathology lab for detailed analysis. Complications associated with a breast biopsy are generally minor and may include bruising, swelling, or pain at the biopsy site. There is also a small risk of infection, bleeding, or the formation of scar tissue. In some cases, the biopsy may cause temporary changes in breast appearance, and there can be a risk of incomplete removal if the abnormality is large or difficult to reach. Despite these risks, breast biopsies are essential for obtaining an accurate diagnosis and determining the appropriate course of treatment.
